This study presents the computational analysis of three dimensional Casson and Carreau NANOFLUID flow concerning the convective conditions. To do so, the flow equations are modified to nonlinear system of ODEs after using appropriate self-similarity functions. The solution for the modified system is evaluated by numerical techniques. The results show the impacts of involving variables on flow characteristics and the outcomes of the friction factors are evaluated as well. In this study, the outcomes to local Nusselt number and Sherwood numbers are evaluated. Favourable comparison is performed with previously available outcomes. The achieved results are similar to solutions obtained by other researchers. The results are presented for flow characteristics in the case of Casson and Carreau FLUIDs. Velocities are reduced for the growing values of permeability and velocity slip parameters in case of Casson and Carreau NANOFLUIDs. Temperature field enhances with the hike in the estimations of thermophoresis parameter and the thermal Biot number in case of Casson and Carreau NANOFLUIDs. Enhancing values of velocity slip parameter results in decrease in the skin friction coefficients and the rate of heat transfer, and rise in the rate of mass transfer in case of Casson and Carreau NANOFLUIDs.

In the present article Williamson NANO FLUID flow over a continuously moving surface is discussed when the surface is heated due to the presence of hot FLUID under it. Governing equations have been developed and simplified using the suitable transformations. Mathematical analysis of various physical parameters is presented and the percentage heat transfer enhancement is discussed due to variation of these parameters. We employed Optimal homotopy analysis method to obtain the solution. It is presented that initial guess optimization will provide us one more degree of freedom to obtain the convergent and better solutions.

Nowadays, Because of the sharp decline in fossil resources, producing power by renewable energy is growing rapidly. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most popular ways for generating electricity. In hot days of year, which the maximum irradiation of sun is available, because of high cell temperature, the efficiency of PV cells is falls down. In this paper, in order to decrease the temperature of PV cells, the use of carbon NANO FLUID for cooling the PV panel is investigated. The results show that after 4. 5 hours of beginning the test, the temperature of PV panel with carbon NANO FLUID cooling is fixed at 32° C, while the temperature of conventional panel is about 83° C. This temperature difference improved average efficiency around 5. 75%. Moreover, in this study, calculation of output power of a 10-KW PV power plant, with and without cooling is performed.

In this paper, the important characteristics of solidification including supercoiling degree, solidification time, nucleation temperature, phase change temperature which effect on efficiency are experimentally studied. A purposely designed experimental device was used to investigate the solidification characteristics of titania NANO FLUID (0.01%wt. 0.02% wt. and 0.04%wt.). The results clearly reveal that adding titania NANOparticles to Deionized water as a base FLUID can reduce the time of solidification, phase change temperature and supercoiling degree. By adding 0.04% wt. titania NANOparticles, the solidification time, phase change temperature and supercoiling degree are reduced by 70%, 18%, 69% while nucleation temperature is enhanced by 29%. Thus, the time of solidification is more affected by adding NANOparticles than other solidification characteristics. Further, the experimental results show that NANO FLUID heat flux is higher than that of base FLUID. Also, a comparison of Fuzzy logic modeling and experimental results for liquid fraction is studied. The results reveal that the fuzzy logic modeling is a reliable and powerful technique for predicting the liquid transient fraction. From the results it is also concluded that extremely low concentration of titania has low average error.

force convection heat transfer of turbulent NANO FLUID flow in 90 and 60 degree elbow is simulated by using FLUENT. Single phase model has been implemented to study such a flow field and standard k-e model is employed. The considered NANOFLUIDs are mixtures of Al2O3 NANOparticles and water as the base FLUID. Simulation effect of Reynolds number and NANO concentration on Nusselt number and friction coefficient have been presented and discussed. The computed results are compared with previously published data for a base FLUID (0% NANO concentration) and good agreement between the results is observed. It is seen that by increasing Reynolds number and NANO concentration, heat transfer increase and friction coefficient decrease. Heat transfer in 90 and 60 degree elbow is compared and result shows by increasing the angle, heat transfer will decrease.

A critical research area overlooked in previous studies on NANO-silica material is the understanding of how its physical characteristics influence its final behavior as a composite when added to the asphalt binder. This study aimed to understand the feasibility of modifying the NANOsilica with asphalt binder based on the asphalt binder characteristics. 60/70 penetration grade asphalt cement was prepared by adding (2%, 4% and 6%) of NANOsilica by weight of asphalt. Properties of NANOsilica material and asphalt cement were first examined. To prepare the modified asphalt binder was heated at 140C, blended by mechanical mixer at a speed of 2000 rpm for different mixing durations (30 to 60) minute. The modified asphalt binder was examined for rheological properties including penetration grade, softening point temperature, penetration index, Brookfield rotational viscosity and ductility test. Results shows that the modified asphalt binder stiffness increases based on rheological properties and sensitivity of temperature decreases with increasing NANOsilica percentage. A­4 % NANO silica by asphalt weight enhanced the conventional properties of the modified asphalt binder and became proper in hot weather conditions. While ductility of modified asphalt decreases with increasing NANO silica percentage, due to stiffness and agglomeration increased. Finally, longer mixing time to more than 60 min had an adverse effect on the ductility property and lead to agglomeration of NANOsilica modified asphalt binder.

Drilling FLUIDs are an essential component of the rotary drilling process used to drill for oil and gas on land and offshore environments. The injection of this NANO particle into drilling FLUID increases the viscosity levels FLUIDs. In these experiments, the rheological properties of the FLUID including apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yielding point (YP), mud cake thickness and FLUID loss (FL) were studied before and after the addition of the NANOclay with different concentrations. In this study, NANO particles of clay were used in order to enhance the rheological properties of drilling FLUIDs. The results showed NANOclay controls the FLUID loss and is resistant to high temperatures and also FLUID loss. We also found that NANOparticles varying in concentration (0.1 to 1 Wt %) and also size 1, 50 and 500 nm are shown to be effective at improving FLUID rheology.